callback func as string (#1905)

* callback func as string

* add tests for string callbacks; update documentation and type annotations

* lint

* concise test for string callback

* add string callbacks to existing tests

* remove string callback testcase; extend existing testcases

docs/docs/index.md

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ results are kept. Expired jobs will be automatically deleted. Defaults to 500 se
 * `description` to add additional description to enqueued jobs.
 * `on_success` allows you to run a function after a job completes successfully
 * `on_failure` allows you to run a function after a job fails
+* `on_stopped` allows you to run a function after a job is stopped
 * `args` and `kwargs`: use these to explicitly pass arguments and keyword to the
   underlying job function. This is useful if your function happens to have
   conflicting argument names with RQ, for example `description` or `ttl`.
@@ -217,6 +218,8 @@ queue.enqueue(say_hello,
               on_stopped=Callback(report_stopped, timeout="2m")) # 2 minute timeout  
 ```
 
+You can also pass the function as a string reference: `Callback('my_package.my_module.my_func')`
+
 ### Success Callback
 
 Success callbacks must be a function that accepts `job`, `connection` and `result` arguments.

rq/decorators.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .job import Retry
 
 from .defaults import DEFAULT_RESULT_TTL
+from .job import Callback
 from .queue import Queue
 from .utils import backend_class
 
@@ -28,9 +29,9 @@ class job:  # noqa
         description: Optional[str] = None,
         failure_ttl: Optional[int] = None,
         retry: Optional['Retry'] = None,
-        on_failure: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        on_failure: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
-        on_success: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        on_success: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
-        on_stopped: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        on_stopped: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
     ):
         """A decorator that adds a ``delay`` method to the decorated function,
         which in turn creates a RQ job when called. Accepts a required
@@ -59,9 +60,12 @@ class job:  # noqa
             description (Optional[str], optional): Job description. Defaults to None.
             failure_ttl (Optional[int], optional): Failture time to live. Defaults to None.
             retry (Optional[Retry], optional): A Retry object. Defaults to None.
-            on_failure (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable to run on failure. Defaults to None.
+            on_failure (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callable to run on failure. Defaults
-            on_success (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable to run on success. Defaults to None.
+                to None.
-            on_stopped (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable to run when stopped. Defaults to None.
+            on_success (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callable to run on success. Defaults
+                to None.
+            on_stopped (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callable to run when stopped. Defaults
+                to None.
         """
         self.queue = queue
         self.queue_class = backend_class(self, 'queue_class', override=queue_class)

rq/job.py

@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ class Job:
         failure_ttl: Optional[int] = None,
         serializer=None,
         *,
-        on_success: Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
+        on_success: Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]] = None,  # Callable is deprecated
-        on_failure: Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
+        on_failure: Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]] = None,  # Callable is deprecated
-        on_stopped: Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
+        on_stopped: Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]] = None,  # Callable is deprecated
     ) -> 'Job':
         """Creates a new Job instance for the given function, arguments, and
         keyword arguments.
@@ -193,20 +193,20 @@ class Job:
                 Defaults to None.
             serializer (Optional[str], optional): The serializer class path to use. Should be a string with the import
                 path for the serializer to use. eg. `mymodule.myfile.MySerializer` Defaults to None.
-            on_success (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): A callback function, should be a callable to run
+            on_success (Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]], optional): A callback to run when/if the Job
-                when/if the Job finishes sucessfully. Defaults to None.
+                finishes sucessfully. Defaults to None. Passing a callable is deprecated.
-            on_failure (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): A callback function, should be a callable to run
+            on_failure (Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]], optional): A callback to run when/if the Job
-                when/if the Job fails. Defaults to None.
+                fails. Defaults to None. Passing a callable is deprecated.
-            on_stopped (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): A callback function, should be a callable to run
+            on_stopped (Optional[Union['Callback', Callable[..., Any]]], optional): A callback to run when/if the Job
-                when/if the Job is stopped. Defaults to None.
+                is stopped. Defaults to None. Passing a callable is deprecated.
 
         Raises:
             TypeError: If `args` is not a tuple/list
             TypeError: If `kwargs` is not a dict
             TypeError: If the `func` is something other than a string or a Callable reference
-            ValueError: If `on_failure` is not a function
+            ValueError: If `on_failure` is not a Callback or function or string
-            ValueError: If `on_success` is not a function
+            ValueError: If `on_success` is not a Callback or function or string
-            ValueError: If `on_stopped` is not a function
+            ValueError: If `on_stopped` is not a Callback or function or string
 
         Returns:
             Job: A job instance.
@@ -248,7 +248,8 @@ class Job:
         if on_success:
             if not isinstance(on_success, Callback):
                 warnings.warn(
-                    'Passing a `Callable` `on_success` is deprecated, pass `Callback` instead', DeprecationWarning
+                    'Passing a string or function for `on_success` is deprecated, pass `Callback` instead',
+                    DeprecationWarning,
                 )
                 on_success = Callback(on_success)  # backward compatibility
             job._success_callback_name = on_success.name
@@ -257,7 +258,8 @@ class Job:
         if on_failure:
             if not isinstance(on_failure, Callback):
                 warnings.warn(
-                    'Passing a `Callable` `on_failure` is deprecated, pass `Callback` instead', DeprecationWarning
+                    'Passing a string or function for `on_failure` is deprecated, pass `Callback` instead',
+                    DeprecationWarning,
                 )
                 on_failure = Callback(on_failure)  # backward compatibility
             job._failure_callback_name = on_failure.name
@@ -266,7 +268,8 @@ class Job:
         if on_stopped:
             if not isinstance(on_stopped, Callback):
                 warnings.warn(
-                    'Passing a `Callable` `on_stopped` is deprecated, pass `Callback` instead', DeprecationWarning
+                    'Passing a string or function for `on_stopped` is deprecated, pass `Callback` instead',
+                    DeprecationWarning,
                 )
                 on_stopped = Callback(on_stopped)  # backward compatibility
             job._stopped_callback_name = on_stopped.name
@@ -1640,13 +1643,15 @@ class Retry:
 
 
 class Callback:
-    def __init__(self, func: Callable[..., Any], timeout: Optional[Any] = None):
+    def __init__(self, func: Union[str, Callable[..., Any]], timeout: Optional[Any] = None):
-        if not inspect.isfunction(func) and not inspect.isbuiltin(func):
+        if not isinstance(func, str) and not inspect.isfunction(func) and not inspect.isbuiltin(func):
-            raise ValueError('Callback func must be a function')
+            raise ValueError('Callback `func` must be a string or function')
 
         self.func = func
         self.timeout = parse_timeout(timeout) if timeout else CALLBACK_TIMEOUT
 
     @property
     def name(self) -> str:
+        if isinstance(self.func, str):
+            return self.func
         return '{0}.{1}'.format(self.func.__module__, self.func.__qualname__)

rq/queue.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from .connections import resolve_connection
 from .defaults import DEFAULT_RESULT_TTL
 from .dependency import Dependency
 from .exceptions import DequeueTimeout, NoSuchJobError
-from .job import Job, JobStatus
+from .job import Callback, Job, JobStatus
 from .logutils import blue, green
 from .serializers import resolve_serializer
 from .types import FunctionReferenceType, JobDependencyType
@@ -515,9 +515,9 @@ class Queue:
         status: JobStatus = JobStatus.QUEUED,
         retry: Optional['Retry'] = None,
         *,
-        on_success: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_success: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable]] = None,
-        on_failure: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_failure: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable]] = None,
-        on_stopped: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_stopped: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable]] = None,
     ) -> Job:
         """Creates a job based on parameters given
 
@@ -535,9 +535,13 @@ class Queue:
             meta (Optional[Dict], optional): Job metadata. Defaults to None.
             status (JobStatus, optional): Job status. Defaults to JobStatus.QUEUED.
             retry (Optional[Retry], optional): The Retry Object. Defaults to None.
-            on_success (Optional[Callable], optional): On success callable. Defaults to None.
+            on_success (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on success. Defaults to
-            on_failure (Optional[Callable], optional): On failure callable. Defaults to None.
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
-            on_stopped (Optional[Callable], optional): On stopped callable. Defaults to None.
+            on_failure (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on failure. Defaults to
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
+            on_stopped (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on stopped. Defaults to
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
+            pipeline (Optional[Pipeline], optional): The Redis Pipeline. Defaults to None.
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If the timeout is 0
@@ -659,9 +663,9 @@ class Queue:
         at_front: bool = False,
         meta: Optional[Dict] = None,
         retry: Optional['Retry'] = None,
-        on_success: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        on_success: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
-        on_failure: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        on_failure: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
-        on_stopped: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
+        on_stopped: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]] = None,
         pipeline: Optional['Pipeline'] = None,
     ) -> Job:
         """Creates a job to represent the delayed function call and enqueues it.
@@ -684,9 +688,12 @@ class Queue:
             at_front (bool, optional): Whether to enqueue the job at the front. Defaults to False.
             meta (Optional[Dict], optional): Metadata to attach to the job. Defaults to None.
             retry (Optional[Retry], optional): Retry object. Defaults to None.
-            on_success (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable for on success. Defaults to None.
+            on_success (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on success. Defaults to
-            on_failure (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable for on failure. Defaults to None.
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
-            on_stopped (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable for on stopped. Defaults to None.
+            on_failure (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on failure. Defaults to
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
+            on_stopped (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on stopped. Defaults to
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
             pipeline (Optional[Pipeline], optional): The Redis Pipeline. Defaults to None.
 
         Returns:
@@ -728,9 +735,9 @@ class Queue:
         at_front: bool = False,
         meta: Optional[Dict] = None,
         retry: Optional['Retry'] = None,
-        on_success: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_success: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable]] = None,
-        on_failure: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_failure: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable]] = None,
-        on_stopped: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_stopped: Optional[Union[Callback, Callable]] = None,
     ) -> EnqueueData:
         """Need this till support dropped for python_version < 3.7, where defaults can be specified for named tuples
         And can keep this logic within EnqueueData
@@ -749,9 +756,12 @@ class Queue:
             at_front (bool, optional): Whether to enqueue the job at the front. Defaults to False.
             meta (Optional[Dict], optional): Metadata to attach to the job. Defaults to None.
             retry (Optional[Retry], optional): Retry object. Defaults to None.
-            on_success (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable for on success. Defaults to None.
+            on_success (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on success. Defaults to
-            on_failure (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable for on failure. Defaults to None.
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
-            on_stopped (Optional[Callable[..., Any]], optional): Callable for on stopped. Defaults to None.
+            on_failure (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on failure. Defaults to
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
+            on_stopped (Optional[Union[Callback, Callable[..., Any]]], optional): Callback for on stopped. Defaults to
+                None. Callable is deprecated.
 
         Returns:
             EnqueueData: The EnqueueData

rq/utils.py

@@ -102,7 +102,11 @@ def import_attribute(name: str) -> Callable[..., Any]:
             attribute_bits.insert(0, module_name_bits.pop())
 
     if module is None:
-        raise ValueError('Invalid attribute name: %s' % name)
+        # maybe it's a builtin
+        try:
+            return __builtins__[name]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid attribute name: %s' % name)
 
     attribute_name = '.'.join(attribute_bits)
     if hasattr(module, attribute_name):

tests/test_callbacks.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from datetime import timedelta
 
 from rq import Queue, Worker
-from rq.job import UNEVALUATED, Job, JobStatus
+from rq.job import UNEVALUATED, Callback, Job, JobStatus
 from rq.serializers import JSONSerializer
 from rq.worker import SimpleWorker
 from tests import RQTestCase
@@ -35,6 +35,17 @@ class QueueCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
         self.assertEqual(job.success_callback, print)
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_success=Callback("print"))
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.success_callback, print)
+
+        job = queue.enqueue_in(timedelta(seconds=10), say_hello, on_success=Callback("print"))
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.success_callback, print)
+
     def test_enqueue_with_failure_callback(self):
         """queue.enqueue* methods with on_failure is persisted correctly"""
         queue = Queue(connection=self.testconn)
@@ -53,6 +64,17 @@ class QueueCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
         self.assertEqual(job.failure_callback, print)
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_failure=Callback("print"))
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.failure_callback, print)
+
+        job = queue.enqueue_in(timedelta(seconds=10), say_hello, on_failure=Callback("print"))
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.failure_callback, print)
+
     def test_enqueue_with_stopped_callback(self):
         """queue.enqueue* methods with on_stopped is persisted correctly"""
         queue = Queue(connection=self.testconn)
@@ -71,6 +93,17 @@ class QueueCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
         self.assertEqual(job.stopped_callback, print)
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(long_process, on_stopped=Callback("print"))
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.stopped_callback, print)
+
+        job = queue.enqueue_in(timedelta(seconds=10), long_process, on_stopped=Callback("print"))
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.stopped_callback, print)
+
 
 class SyncJobCallback(RQTestCase):
     def test_success_callback(self):
@@ -85,6 +118,15 @@ class SyncJobCallback(RQTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
         self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('success_callback:%s' % job.id))
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result"))
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FINISHED)
+        self.assertEqual(self.testconn.get('success_callback:%s' % job.id).decode(), job.result)
+
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result"))
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+        self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('success_callback:%s' % job.id))
+
     def test_failure_callback(self):
         """queue.enqueue* methods with on_failure is persisted correctly"""
         queue = Queue(is_async=False)
@@ -97,17 +139,34 @@ class SyncJobCallback(RQTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
         self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('failure_callback:%s' % job.id))
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_failure=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_exception"))
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+        self.assertIn('div_by_zero', self.testconn.get('failure_callback:%s' % job.id).decode())
+
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result"))
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+        self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('failure_callback:%s' % job.id))
+
     def test_stopped_callback(self):
         """queue.enqueue* methods with on_stopped is persisted correctly"""
         connection = self.testconn
         queue = Queue('foo', connection=connection, serializer=JSONSerializer)
         worker = SimpleWorker('foo', connection=connection, serializer=JSONSerializer)
+
         job = queue.enqueue(long_process, on_stopped=save_result_if_not_stopped)
         job.execute_stopped_callback(
             worker.death_penalty_class
         )  # Calling execute_stopped_callback directly for coverage
         self.assertTrue(self.testconn.exists('stopped_callback:%s' % job.id))
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(long_process, on_stopped=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result_if_not_stopped"))
+        job.execute_stopped_callback(
+            worker.death_penalty_class
+        )  # Calling execute_stopped_callback directly for coverage
+        self.assertTrue(self.testconn.exists('stopped_callback:%s' % job.id))
+
 
 class WorkerCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
     def test_success_callback(self):
@@ -115,9 +174,8 @@ class WorkerCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         queue = Queue(connection=self.testconn)
         worker = SimpleWorker([queue])
 
-        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_success=save_result)
-
         # Callback is executed when job is successfully executed
+        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_success=save_result)
         worker.work(burst=True)
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FINISHED)
         self.assertEqual(self.testconn.get('success_callback:%s' % job.id).decode(), job.return_value())
@@ -127,6 +185,17 @@ class WorkerCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
         self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('success_callback:%s' % job.id))
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result"))
+        worker.work(burst=True)
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FINISHED)
+        self.assertEqual(self.testconn.get('success_callback:%s' % job.id).decode(), job.return_value())
+
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result"))
+        worker.work(burst=True)
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+        self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('success_callback:%s' % job.id))
+
     def test_erroneous_success_callback(self):
         """Test exception handling when executing success callback"""
         queue = Queue(connection=self.testconn)
@@ -137,14 +206,18 @@ class WorkerCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         worker.work(burst=True)
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(say_hello, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.erroneous_callback"))
+        worker.work(burst=True)
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+
     def test_failure_callback(self):
         """Test failure callback is executed only when job a fails"""
         queue = Queue(connection=self.testconn)
         worker = SimpleWorker([queue])
 
-        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_failure=save_exception)
-
         # Callback is executed when job is successfully executed
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_failure=save_exception)
         worker.work(burst=True)
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
         job.refresh()
@@ -156,6 +229,19 @@ class WorkerCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
         self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('failure_callback:%s' % job.id))
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_failure=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_exception"))
+        worker.work(burst=True)
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+        job.refresh()
+        print(job.exc_info)
+        self.assertIn('div_by_zero', self.testconn.get('failure_callback:%s' % job.id).decode())
+
+        job = queue.enqueue(div_by_zero, on_success=Callback("tests.fixtures.save_result"))
+        worker.work(burst=True)
+        self.assertEqual(job.get_status(), JobStatus.FAILED)
+        self.assertFalse(self.testconn.exists('failure_callback:%s' % job.id))
+
         # TODO: add test case for error while executing failure callback
 
 
@@ -179,6 +265,15 @@ class JobCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
         self.assertEqual(job.success_callback, print)
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = Job.create(say_hello, on_success=Callback("print"))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(job._success_callback_name)
+        self.assertEqual(job.success_callback, print)
+        job.save()
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.success_callback, print)
+
     def test_job_creation_with_failure_callback(self):
         """Ensure failure callbacks are persisted properly"""
         job = Job.create(say_hello)
@@ -198,6 +293,15 @@ class JobCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
         job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
         self.assertEqual(job.failure_callback, print)
 
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = Job.create(say_hello, on_failure=Callback("print"))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(job._failure_callback_name)
+        self.assertEqual(job.failure_callback, print)
+        job.save()
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.failure_callback, print)
+
     def test_job_creation_with_stopped_callback(self):
         """Ensure stopped callbacks are persisted properly"""
         job = Job.create(say_hello)
@@ -216,3 +320,12 @@ class JobCallbackTestCase(RQTestCase):
 
         job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
         self.assertEqual(job.stopped_callback, print)
+
+        # test string callbacks
+        job = Job.create(say_hello, on_stopped=Callback("print"))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(job._stopped_callback_name)
+        self.assertEqual(job.stopped_callback, print)
+        job.save()
+
+        job = Job.fetch(id=job.id, connection=self.testconn)
+        self.assertEqual(job.stopped_callback, print)